• Plants Terminology List

A

• Acai (Euterpe oleracea)
• Acanthus (Acanthus mollis)
• Agar (Gelidium amansii)
• Agave Asparagaceae
• Agrimony
• Albizzia (Albizzia lebbeck)
• Alder (Alnus glutinosa)
• Alder Buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula)
• Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
• Allspice (Pimenta officinalis)
• Aloe Vera (A. barbadensis)
• Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)
• American Bistort (Polygonum bistortoides or Bistorta bistortoides)
• American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium)
• American Hog-Peanut
• American Mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum)
• American Spikenard (Aralia racemosa)
• American Yellow Lotus (Nelumbo lutea)
• Amethyst Deceiver (Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis)
• Ammoniacum (Dorema ammoniacum)
• Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)
• Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea)
• Angostura (Galipea officinalis)
• Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
• Annatto (Bixa orellana)
• Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
• Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis)
• Arctic Butterbur (P. frigidus)
• Arctic Raspberry (Rubus arcticus)
• Arjun (Terminalia arjuna)
• Arnica (Arnica montana)
• Arrowhead Wapato (Sagittaria latifolia)
• Arrow-Leaved Balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata)
• Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea)
• Artichoke (Cynara scolymus)
• Asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida)
• Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
• Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
• Asian Mustard (Brassica tournefortii)
• Asian Plum (Prunus mume)
• Asmatica (Tylophora asmatica)
• Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)
• Astragalus/Huang Qi (Astragalus membranaceus)
• Avens (Geum urbanum)
• Avocado (Persea americana)
• Ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis caapi)

B

• Babul (Acacia nilotica)
• Bael (Aegle marmelos)
• Bai Zhi (Angelica dahurica)
• Bai Zhu (Atractylodes macrocephala)
• Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum)
• Balm of Gilead (Populus x candicans)
• Balmony (Chelone glabra)
• Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)
• Bamboo (Subfamily Bambusoideae)
• Banana (Musa)
• Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis)
• Barberry (Berberis vulgaris)
• Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
• Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni)
• Basswood (Tilia americana)
• Bayberry (Myrica cerifera)
• Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis)
• Bear Grass (Xerophyllum tenax)
• Bearberry (Arctostaphylosuva-ursi)
• Bearsfoot (Polymnia uvedalia)
• Beautyberry (Callicarpa americana)
• Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
• Bedstraw (Galium)
• Bee Balm (Monarda fistulosa)
• Beleric Myrobalan (Terminalia belerica)
• Benzoin Gum (Styrax benzoin)
• Bergamot (Citrus bergamia)
• Betel (Piper betle)
• Betony (Stachys officinalis)
• Bethroot (Trillium erectum)
• Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)
• Birch (Black) (Betula lenta)
• Birch (Yellow) (Betula alleghaniensis)
• Birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis)
• Biscuitroot (Lomatium triternatum)
• Bishop’s Weed (Ammi majus)
• Bistort (Polygonum bistorta)
• Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)
• Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium)
• Bittercress (Cardamine)
• Bitterroot (Lewisia rediviva)
• Blackberry (Rubus)
• Black Catechu (Acacia catechu)
• Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)
• Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)
• Black Currant (Ribes americanum)
• Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum)
• Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium)
• Black Horehound (Ballota nigra)
• Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
• Black Medick (Medicago lupulina)
• Black Morel group (Morchella elata)
• Black Root (Leptandra virginica)
• Bladder Campion (Silene vulgaris)
• Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus)
• Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
• Blueberry (Bog/Alpine) (Vaccinium uliginosum)
• Blueberry (Highbush) (Vaccinium corymbosum)
• Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
• Blue Flag (Iris versicolor)
• Blushing Morel (Morchella rufobrunnea)
• Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
• Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata)
• Bo He (Mentha haplocalyx)
• Boldo (Peumus boldus)
• Borage (Borago officinalis)
• Boswellia (Boswellia serrata)
• Box Elder (Acer negundo)
• Bracken Fern (Pteridium aquilinum)
• Bragger’s Bolete (Aureoboletus mirabilis)
• Broom (Cytisus scoparius)
• Bu Gu Zhi (Psoralea corylifolia)
• Buchu (Barosma betulina)
• Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
• Bugle (Ajuga reptans)
• Bugleweed (Lycopus virginicus)
• Bulrush (Schoenoplectus)
• Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis)
• Bur Marigold (Bidens tripartita)
• Burdock/Niu Bang Zi (Arctium)
• Butcher’s Broom (Ruscus aculeatus)
• Butter Tree (Madhuca)
• Butterbur (Petasites)
• Butternut (Juglands cinerea)
• Butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris)

C

• Cabbage (Brassica oleacea)
• Cacao (Theobroma cacao)
• Cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron)
• Calamint (Calamintha ascendens)
• Calendula (Calendula officinalis)
• Calumba (Jateorhiza palmata)
• California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)
• California Poppy (Eschscholzia california)
• California Waterleaf (H. occidentale)
• Camas (Camassia)
• Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora)
• Canada Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
• Canadian Fleabane (Conyza canadensis)
• Canadian Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)
• Cannabis (Cannabis sativa)
• Canella (Canella winterana)
• Canyon Grape (Vitis arizonica)
• Caper (Capparis Spinosa)
• Caraway (Carum carvi)
• Cardamom (Elettaria caramomum)
• Carob (Ceratonia siliqua)
• Carrion Flower (Smilax herbacea)
• Carrot (Daucus carota)
• Carrot (Wild) (Daucus pusillus)
• Cashew (Anacardium occidentale)
• Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
• Castor Oil Plant (Ricinus communis)
• Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa)
• Cat’s Ear (Hypochaeris radicata)
• Catalpa (Bignonia catalpa)
• Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
• Cattail (Typha angustifolia)
• Cayenne (Capsicum annuum)
• Cedar (Cedrus)
• Celery (Apium graveolens)
• Centaury (Erythraea centaurium)
• Ceylon Leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica)
• Chai Hu/Hare’s Ear Root (Bupleurum chinesne)
• Chaff flower (Achyranthes bidentata)
• Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
• Chaparral (Larrea tridentata)
• Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus)
• Chebulic Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula)
• Cheeseweed Mallow (M. parviflora)
• Cherry (Prunus serotina)
• Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)
• Chestnut (American) (Castanea dentata)
• Chia Sage (Salvia columbariae)
• Chickweed (Stellaria media)
• Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
• Chinese Anemone (Pulsatilla chinensis)
• Chinese Rhubarb (Rheum palmatum)
• Chinquapin (American) (Castanea pumila)
• Chiretta (Swertia chirata)
• Chokeberry (Black) (Aronia melanocarpa)
• Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
• Cholla (Cylindropuntia)
• Chou Wu Tong (Clerodendrum trichotomum)
• Chufa Sedge (Cyperus esculentus)
• Chun Pi (Ailanthus altissima)
• Cinchona/Peruvian Bark (Rubiaceae)
• Cinnamon (Cinnamomum)
• Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea)
• Cleavers (Galium aparine)
• Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus)
• Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata)
• Club Moss (Lycopodium clavatum)
• Coast Tarweed (Madia sativa)
• Coca (Erthroxylum coca)
• Cocillana (Guarea rusbyi)
• Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium)
• Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
• Coffee (Coffea arabica)
• Coleus (Coleus forskohlii)
• Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)
• Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)
• Common Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)
• Common Mallow (Malva sylvestris)
• Common Miner’s Lettuce (C. perfoliata)
• Common Morel (Morchella esculenta)
• Common Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
• Common Plantain (Plantago major)
• Common Prickly-Ash (Zanthoxylum americanum)
• Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
• Condurango (Marsdenia condurango)
• Coneflower (Cut-Leaf) (Rudbeckia laciniata)
• Coneflower (Purple) (Echinacea)
• Coneflower (Prairie) (Ratibida columnifera)
• Contrayerva (Dorstenia contrajerva)
• Copaiba (Copaifera)
• Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
• Corn (Zea mays)
• Cornflower/Bachelor’s Buttons (Centaurea cyanus)
• Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum)
• Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
• Couch Grass (Agropyron repens)
• Cow Parsnip (Heracleum maximum)
• Cowslip (Primula veris)
• Cramp Bark (Viburnum opulus)
• Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)
• Cranberry (Highbush) (Viburnum trilobum)
• Creeping Bellflower (Campanula rapunculoides)
• Creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea)
• Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum)
• Cubeb (Piper cubeba)
• Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
• Curry Tree (Murraya koenigii)
• Custard Apple (Annona squamosa)
• Cut-Leaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata)
• Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)

D

• Da Ji (Euphorbia pekinensis)
• Damiana (Turnera diffusa)
• Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
• Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)
• Dang Shen (Codonopsis pilosula)
• Daylily (Hemerocallis)
• Deadly Nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
• Deadnettle (Henbit) (Lamium amplexicaule)
• Deadnettle (Purple/Red) (Lamium purpureum)
• Deceiver (Laccaria laccata)
• Deer Mushroom (Pluteus cervinus)
• Desert Horse-Purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum)
• Desert Lavender (Hyptis emoryi)
• Desmodium (Desmodium adscendens)
• Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens)
• Devil’s Club (Oplopanax horridus)
• Dewberry (Rubus)
• Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa)
• Dill (Anethum graveolens)
• Dittany (Dictamnus albus)
• Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius)
• Dock (Rumex)
• Dodder (Cuscuta epithymum)
• Dog Rose (Rosa canina)
• Dong Quai (A. polymorpha)
• Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
• Dragon’s Blood (Croton)
• Duckweed (Wolffia globosa)

E

• Eastern Mountain Ash (Sorbus aucuparia)
• Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
• Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
• Elecampane (Inula helenium)
• Elephanthead Lousewort (Pedicularis groenlandica)
• Embelia (Embelia ribes)
• English Oak (Quercus robur)
• Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides)
• Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus)
• Eucommia Bark (Eucommia ulmoides)
• European Mistletoe (Viscum album)
• European Nettle Tree (Celtis australis)
• Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
• Evodia (Evodia rutaecarpa)
• Eyebright (Euphrasia)

F

• Fairy Bell (Prosartes)
• Fairy Ring Mushroom (Marasmius oreades)
• False Dandelion (Agoseris)
• False Hellebore (Adonis vernalis)
• False Solomon’s Seal (Maianthemum racemosum)
• Fat Jack (Suillus caerulescens)
• Fendler’s Ceanothus (Ceanothus fendleri)
• Fendler’s Horsenettle (Solanum fendleri)
• Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
• Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
• Fever Bark (Alstonia)
• Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)
• Fib King Bolete (Boletus fibrillosus)
• Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense)
• Fig (Ficus carica)
• Figwort (Scophularia nodosa)
• Fireweed Chamerion (Epilobium) angustifolium
• Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum)
• Fleabane (Erigeron)
• Fo Ti (Polygonum multiflorum)
• French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
• Fringed Redmaids (Calandrinia ciliata)
• Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis)

G

• Galangal/Gao Liang Jiang (Alpinia officinarum)
• Galbanum (Ferula gummosa)
• Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides)
• Garlic (Wild) (Allium ursinum)
• Gentian (Gentiana lutea)
• Geranium (Wild) (Geranium maculatum)
• Giant Reed (Arundo donax)
• Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
• Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
• Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
• Glacier-Lily (Erythronium grandiflorum)
• Glasswort (Salicornia)
• Glistening Ink Cap (Coprinellus micaceus)
• Goat’s Rule (Galega officinalis)
• Goji Berry (Lycium chinense)
• Gokulakanta (Hygrophila spinosa)
• Golden Currant (Ribes aureum)
• Goldthread (Coptis trifolia)
• Goldenrod (Solidago)
• Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)
• Gooseberry (Ribes)
• Gota Kola (Centella asiatica)
• Gou Teng (Uncaria rhynchophylla)
• Grape (Wild/Muscadine) (Vitis rotundifolia)
• Grape (Vitis vinifera)
• Grape Jasmine (Ervatamia coronaria)
• Gravel Root (Eupatorium purpureum)
• Greater Burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis)
• Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus)
• Greater Stitchwort (Rabelera holostea)
• Greenthread (Thelesperma megapotamicum)
• Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)
• Groundcone (Boschniakia)
• Groundnut/Hopniss (Apios americana)
• Guar Gum (Cyanopsis tetragonoloba)
• Guarana (Paullinia cupana)
• Guggul (Commiphora mukul)
• Gully Gum (Eucalyptus smithii)
• Gumplant (Grindelia camporum)
• Gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre)

H

• Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
• Hackberry (Spiny/Desert) (Celtis ehrenbergiana)
• Hai Zao (Sargassum fusiforme)
• Harmala (Peganum harmala)
• Haronga (Haronga madagascariensis)
• Hartstongue (Scolopendrium vulgare)
• Hawthorn (Crataegus)
• Hazelnut (Corylus)
• Heartsease (Viola tricolor)
• Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
• Hedgenettle (Common) (Betonica/Stachys officinalis)
• Helonias (Chamaelirium lutea)
• Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
• Henna (Lawsonia inermis)
• Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
• Hemp Agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum)
• Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum)
• Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
• High Marrow (M. Sylvestris)
• Hobblebush (Viburnum lantanoides)
• Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum)
• Holy Thistle (Cnicus benedictus)
• Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
• Honeysuckle (Mountain Fly)
• Honeysuckle (Lonicera)
• Hoodia (Hoodia gordonii)
• Hops (Humulus lupulus)
• Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
• Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
• Horsemint (Mondarda punctata)
• Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
• Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
• Hou Po (Magnolia officinalis)
• Houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum)
• Huang Bai (Phellodendron amurense)
• Huang Lian (Coptis chinensis)
• Huckleberry (Black) (Gaylussacia baccata)
• Huckleberry (Bog) (Gaylussacia bigeloviana)
• Huckleberry (Evergreen) (Vaccinium ovatum)
• Huckleberry (Red) (Vaccinium parvifolium)
• Hydrangea (Wild) (Hydrangea arborescens)
• Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)

I

• Iceland Moss (Cetraria islandica)
• Indian Berry (Anamirta cocculus)
• Indian Coral Tree (Erythrina variegata)
• Indian Cucumber (Medeola virginiana)
• Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis)
• Indian Snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina)
• Indigo (Wild) (Baptisia tinctoria)
• Inky Cap (Coprinopsis atramentaria)
• Insidious Gomphidius (Gomphidius oregonensis)
• Ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha)
• Irish Moss (Chondrus crispus)
• Ivy (Hedera helix)

J

• Jalap (Ipomoea purga)
• Jamaica Dogwood (Piscidia erythrina)’
• Jambul (Syzygium cumini)
• Japanese Knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)
• Japanese Sweet Coltsfoot (P. japonicus)
• Jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum)
• Java Tea (Orthosiphon aristata)
• Jequirity (Abrus precatorius)
• Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
• Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
• Ji Xue Teng (Milletta reticulata)
• Jing Jie (Schizonepeta tenuifolia)
• Ju Hua (Chrysanthemum x morifolium)
• Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba)
• Juniper (Alligator) (Juniperus deppeana)
• Juniper (Common/Dwarf) (Juniperus communis)
• Juniper (Utah) (Juniperus osteosperma)

K

• Kanghi (Abutilon indicum)
• Kava (Piper methysticum)
• Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus)
• Khat (Catha edulis)
• Kigelia (K. pinnata)
• King Bolete (Boletus edulis)
• Kino (Pterocarpus marsupium)
• Knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare)
• Kola Nut (Cola acuminata)
• Korean Mint (Agastache rugosa)
• Kudzu (Pueraria lobata)
• Kumarhou (Pomaderris elliptica)
• Kuth (Saussurea lappa)

L

• Labrador Tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum)
• Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina)
• Lady’s Bedstraw (Galium verum)
• Lady’s Mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris)
• Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedium pubescens)
• Land Cress (Barbarea verna)
• Lamb’s Quarter (Chenopodium album)
• Larch (Larix decidua)
• Largeflower Triteleia/Wild Hyacinth (Triteleia grandiflora)
• Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
• Lemon (Rutaceae)
• Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
• Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus)
• Lemon Verbena (Lippa citriodora)
• Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus Ficaria)
• Lesser Periwinkle (Vinca minor)
• Lettuce (Wild) (Lactuca virosa)
• Levant Storax (Liquidambar orientalis)
• Levant Wormwood (Artemisia cina)
• Licorice (Wild) (Glycyrrhiza lepidota)
• Licorice Fern (Polypodium glycyrrhiza)
• Life Root (Senecio aureus)
• Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale)
• Lilac (Common) (Syringa vulgaris)
• Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis)
• Linden (Tilia)
• Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)
• Lippia (Lippia alba)
• Lobelia (Lobelia inflata)
• Lobster Mushroom (Hypomyces lactifluorum)
• Lomatium (Lomatium dissectum)
• London Rocket (Sisymbrium irio)
• Loofah (Luffa cylindrica)
• Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
• Lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis)
• Lungwort Lichen (Lobaria pulmonaria)

M

• Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica)
• Madagascar Periwinkle (Vinca rosea)
• Madder (Rubia tinctorum)
• Magnolia (Southern) (Magnolia grandiflora)
• Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris)
• Malabar Nut (Adhatoda vascia)
• Mallow (Malva)
• Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
• Manzanita (Hairy) (Arctostaphylos columbiana)
• Manzanita (Pointleaf) (Arctostaphylos pungens)
• Maple (Bigleaf) (Acer macrophyllum)
• Maple (Sugar) (Acer saccharum)
• Mariposa Lily (Calochortus)
• Marsh Cudweed (Gnaphalium uliginosum)
• Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris)
• Marsh Woundwort/Swamp Hedgenettle (Stachys palustris)
• Marshmellow (Althaea officinalis)
• Masterwort (Imperatoria ostrumthium)
• Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus)
• Matchbox Bean (Entada phaseoloides)
• Mate (llex paraguariensis)
• Matico (Piper angustifolia)
• Matsutake (Tricholoma murrillianum)
• Mayapple/Wild Mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum)
• Mayweed (Anthemis cotula)
• Meadow Beauty (Rhexia virginica)
• Meadow Mushroom (Agaricus campestris)
• Meadow Saffron (Colchicum autumnale)
• Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria)
• Melilot (Melilotus officinalis)
• Mesquite (Prosopis)
• Mexican Poppy (Argemone mexicana)
• Mezereon (Daphne mezereum)
• Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
• Milkweed (Common) (Asclepias syriaca)
• Milkwort (Polygala vulgaris)
• Miner’s Lettuce/Spring Beauty (Claytonia (Montia)
• Mint (Wild) (Mentha arvensis)
• Missouri Gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima)
• Mock/Indian Strawberry (Potentilla indica)
• Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
• Monkshood (Aconitum napellus)
• Monsonia (Monsonia ovata)
• Morinda (Morinda officinalis)
• Mormon Tea (Ephedra viridis)
• Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca)
• Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum)
• Mountain Sorrel (Oxyria digyna)
• Mouse-ear Hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella)
• Mulberry (Morus)
• Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
• Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)
• Muira Puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides)
• Musk Mallow (M. Moschata)
• Myrrh (Commiphora molmol)
• Myrtle (Myrtus communis)

N

• Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago)
• Nasturium (Tropaeolum majus)
• Neem/Margosa Tree (Azadirachta indica)
• Nettle (Urtica dioica)
• Night-blooming Cereus (Selenicereus grandiflorus)
• Nikkar Nut (Caesalpinia bonduc)
• Nipplewort (Lapsana communis)
• Noni (Morinda citrifolia)
• Northern Redcurrant (Ribes triste)
• Northern Water Plantain (Alisma triviale)
• Notoginseng (Panax notoginseng)
• Notopterygium Root (Notopterygium incisium)
• Nutmeg/Mace (Myristica fragrans)
• Nux Vomica (Strychnos nux-vomica)

O

• Oak (Gambel) (Quercus gambelii)
• Oak (White) (Quercus alba)
• Oak Moss (Evernia prunastri)
• Oats (Avena sativa)
• Ohio Spiderwort/Blue Jacket (Tradescantia ohiensis)
• Olive (Olea europaea)
• Onion (Wild) (Allium stellatum)
• Onion (Allium cepa)
• Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum)
• Orange Milkcap (Lactarius deliciosus)
• Orange Peel Fungus (Aleuria aurantia)
• Oregano (Origanum vulgare)
• Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium)
• Oregon White Truffle (Tuber oregonense & T. gibbosum)
• Osoberry (Oemleria cerasiformis)
• Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
• Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
• Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
• Oysterleaf (Mertensia maritima)

P

• Pacific Crabapple (Malus fusca)
• Pacific Waterleaf (H. temuipes)
• Palas (Butea monosperma)
• Pale Desert-thorn (Lycium pallidum)
• Papaya (Carica papaya)
• Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera)
• Pareira (Chondrodendron tomentosum)
• Partridgeberry/Twin-flower (Mitchella repens)
• Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
• Parsley Piert (Aphanes arvensis)
• Passion-flower (Passiflora incarnata)
• Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin)
• Pau d’Arco (Tabebuia)
• Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)
• Pearly Everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea)
• Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
• Peepal (Ficus religiosa)
• Pelargonium (Pelagonium sidoides)
• Pellitory (Anacyclus pyrethrum)
• Pellitory of the wall (Parietaria officinalis)
• Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)
• Peony (Paeonia officinalis)
• Pepper (Piper nigrum)
• Peppergrass (Lepidium virginicum)
• Peppermint (Mentha x piperita)
• Pergularia (Pergularia extensa)
• Persimmon (Wild) (Diospyros virginiana)
• Peruvian Balsam (Myroxylon pereirae)
• Peyote (Lophophora williamsii)
• Picrorrhiza (Picrorrhiza kurroa)
• Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
• Pill-bearing Spurge (Euphorbia hirta)
• Pin Cherry (Prunus pensylvanic)
• Pine (White) (Pinus strobus)
• Pineapple (Ananas comosus)
• Pineapple Weed (Matricaria discoidea)
• Pinkroot (Spigelia marilandica)
• Pinyon Pine (Pinus edulis)
• Pipsissewa/Prince’s Pine (Chimaphila umbellata)
• Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus amarus)
• Plantain (Plantago)
• Pleurisy Root (Asclepias tuberosa)
• Plum (American) (Prunus americana)
• Pokeweed (American) (Phytolacca americana)
• Polypody (Polypodium vulgare)
• Pomegranate (Punica granatum)
• Pond Lily/Cow-Lily (Nuphar lutea)
• Potato (Solanum Tuberosum)
• Prairie Turnip (Psoralea esculenta)
• Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum americanum)
• Prickly Currant (Ribes lacustre)
• Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica)
• Psyllium (Plantago)
• Pulsatilla (Anemone pulsatilla)
• Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)
• Puncture Vine (Tribulus terrestris)
• Purple Loosetrife (Lythrum salicaria)
• Purple Poppy-Mallow (Callirhoe involucrata)
• Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
• Pygeum (Pygeum africanum)

Q

• Qing Hao/Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua)
• Qu Mai (Dianthus superbus)
• Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides)
• Quassia (Picarasma excelsa)
• Quebracho (Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco)
• Queen Bolete (Boletus regineus)
• Queen’s Cup (Clintonia uniflora)
• Queen’s Delight (Stillingia sylvatica)
• Quickweed/Potato Weed (Galinsoga parviflora)
• Quince (Cydonia oblonga)

R

• Radish (Wild) (Raphanus raphanistrum)
• Radish (Raphanus sativus)
• Ram’s Horn (Proboscidea louisianica)
• Ramsons (Allium ursinum)
• Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)
• Red Beet/White Beet (Beta vulgaris)
• Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
• Red Poppy (Papaver rhoeas)
• Red Root/New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus)
• Redbud (Cercis canadensis)
• Reindeer Lichen (Cladonia rangiferina)
• Rhatany (Krameria triandra)
• Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea)
• Rhubarb (Wild) (Rumex hymenosepalus)
• Rice (Wild) (Zizania)
• Rock Tripe (Umbilicaria)
• Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile)
• Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis)
• Rose (Wild) (Rosa gallica)
• Rose Root/Golden Root (Rhodiola rosea)
• Rosebay Willowherb (Chamaenerion angustifolia)
• Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
• Rosy Gomphidius (Gomphidius subroseus)
• Rowan (Sorbus americana)
• Rue (Ruta graveolens)
• Rupturewort (Herniaria glabra)

S

• Sacahuista (Nolina microcarpa)
• Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
• Saffron (Crocus sativa)
• Sage (Salvia officinalis)
• Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea)
• Salal, Gaultheria shallon
• Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
• Salsify (Tragopogon)
• Saltbush/Orache (Atriplex)
• Salt-loving Mushroom (Agaricus bernardii)
• Sandalwood (Santalum album)
• Sandwort (Arenaria rubra)
• Sanicle (Sanicula europaea)
• Sarsaparilla (Smilax)
• Saskatoon Berry (Amelanchier alnifolia)
• Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
• Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)
• Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
• Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis)
• Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
• Scurvy Grass (Cochlearia officinalis)
• Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides)
• Sea Fennel (Crithmum maritimum)
• Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera)
• Sea Holly (Eryngium maritimum)
• Sea Milkwort (Lysimachia (Glaux) maritima)
• Sea Rocket (Cakile edentula)
• Seabeach Sandwort (Honckenya peploides)
• Seacoast Angelica/Wild Celery (Angelica lucida)
• Seaside Arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima)
• Self Heal/Heal-all (Prunella vulgaris)
• Seneca Snakeroot (Polygala senega)
• Senna (Cassia senna)
• Sesame (Sesamum indicum)
• Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)
• Shaggy Mane (Coprinus comatus)
• Shaggy Stalked Bolete (Aureoboletus betula)
• Shan Zhu Yu (Cornus officinalis)
• Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)
• Sheep Sorrel/Sour Dock (Rumex acetosella)
• Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)
• Short-stemmed Slippery Jack (Suillus brevipes)
• Shrimp Mushroom (Russula xerampelina)
• Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
• Siberian Ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus)
• Siberian Miner’s Lettuce (C. Sibirica)
• Silver Birch (Betula pendula)
• Silverweed/Cinquefoil (Argentina (Potentilla) anserina)
• Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
• Skullcap (Baical) (Scutellaria baicalensis)
• Skullcap (Virginian Skullcap) (Scutellaria lateriflora)
• Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus (E) Lysichiton americanus (W))
• Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
• Slippery Jack (Suillus luteus)
• Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra)
• Smooth Witherod (Viburnum nudum)
• Soap Bark (Quillaja saponaria)
• Soapberry (Shepherdia canadensis)
• Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis)
• Solomon’s Seal (Polygonatum multiflorum)
• Sotol (Dasylirion wheeleri)
• Southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum)
• Sowthistle (Common) (Sonchus oleraceus)
• Soy (Glycine max)
• Speedwell (Veronica officinalis)
• Spiny Bamboo (Bambusa arundiaceae)
• Spiny Restharrow (Ononis spinosa)
• Spiny Wood Fern (Dryopteris expansa)
• Speedwell (Veronica)
• Spring King Bolete (Boletus rex-veris)
• Squashberry (Viburnum edule)
• Squill (Urginea maritima)
• St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)
• Star Anise (Illicium verum)
• Star Grass (Aletris farinosa)
• Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
• Stink Currant (Ribes bracteosum)
• Stone Root (Collinsonia canadensis)
• Stonecrop (Sedum)
• Stork’s-Bill (Erodium cicutarium)
• Strawberry (Wild) (Fragaria vesca)
• Strawberry Blite (Blitum capitatum)
• Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo)
• Suede Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus)
• Suma (Pfaffia paniculata)
• Sumac (Rhus)
• Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia)
• Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritima)
• Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
• Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
• Sweet Fern (Comptonia peregrina)
• Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus)
• Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa)
• Sweet Clover (Yellow) (Melilotus officinalis)
• Sweet Gale (Myrica gale)
• Sweet Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
• Sweet Violet (Viola odorata)
• Sweet Woodruff (Asperula odorata)

T

• Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
• Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare)
• Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
• Tea (Camellia sinensis)
• Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia)
• Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
• Tian Nan Xing (Arisaema)
• Tiger Lily (Lilium columbianum & L. lancifolium)
• Thick-stemmed Morel (Morchella snyderi)
• Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus)
• Thistle (Plume) (Cirsium)
• Thornapple (Datura stramonium)
• Thyme (Wild) (Thymus serpyllum)
• Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
• Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
• Tormentil (Potentilla erecta)
• Trailing Arbutus (Epigaea repens)
• Trailing Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata)
• Trapper’s Tea (R. neoglandulosum)
• Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
• Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
• Turpeth (Operculina turpethum)
• Twisted Stalk/Watermelon Berry (Streptopus amplexifolius)

U

• Usnea Lichen (Usnea)
• Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)

V

• Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
• Varuna (Crataeva nurvula)
• Vervain (Verbena officinalis)
• Violet (Wild) (Viola)
• Viper’s Bugloss (Echium vulgare)
• Virginia Peppergrass
• Virginia Spring Beauty (C. Virginica)
• Virginia Waterleaf (H. virginianum)
• Visnaga (Daucus visnaga)

W

• Wahoo Bark (Euonymus atropurpureus)
• Wallflower (Cheiranthus cheiri)
• Walnut (Arizona) (Juglans major)
• Walnut (Black) (Juglans nigra)
• Walnut (White) (Juglans cinerea)
• Water Avens (Geum rivale)
• Water Hyssop (Bacopa monnieri)
• Water Parsnip (Sium suave)
• Waterberry (Lonicera villosa)
• Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
• Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum)
• Water-Lily (Fragrant)/Beaver Root (Nymphaea odorata)
• Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris)
• Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida)
• Wax Myrtle (Morella cerifera)
• Weeping Forsythia (Forsythia suspensa)
• Western Painted Suillus (Suillus lakei)
• Western Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum)
• White Bryony (Bryonia dioica)
• White Deadnettle (Lamium album)
• White Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
• White King Bolete (Boletus barrowsii)
• White Mulberry (Morus alba)
• White Peony (Paeonia lactiflora)
• White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)
• White Willow (Salix alba)
• Wila/Edible Horsehair Lichen (Bryoria fremontii)
• Winter Cherry (Physalis alkekengi)
• Winter Savory (Satureja montana)
• Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
• Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
• Wood Apple (Feronia limonia)
• Wood Lily (Lilium philadelphicum)
• Wood Sorrel (Oxalis)
• Wood/Canada Nettle (Laportea canadensis)
• Wormseed (Chenopodium ambrosioides)
• Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)

Y

• Yam (Wild) (Dioscorea villosa)
• Yampah (Perideridia)
• Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis yanhusuo)
• Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
• Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria)
• Yellow Dock (Rumex crispus)
• Yellow Foxglove (Digitalis lutea)
• Yellow Jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens)
• Yellow Loosetrife (Lysimachia vulgaris)
• Yellow Rocket (Barbarea vulgaris)
• Yellowcress (Rorippa palustris)
• Yerba Buena (Clinopodium douglasii)
• Yerba Mansa (Anemopsis californica)
• Yerba Santa (Eriodictyon californicum)
• Yew (Taxus baccata)
• Yin Chen Hao (Artemisia capillaris)
• Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata)
• Yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe)
• Yucca (Banana/Blue) (Yucca baccata)

Z

• Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria)
• Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena asphodeloides)